Date: Tue, April 10, 15:00-17:00 Place: Room Dw601, D Block, IIS, The University of Tokyo Invited Speaker: Dr. Allan Gulledge (Dartmouth Medical School) Title: A new role for acetylcholine in cortical circuits Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a critical role in cognition, and decreased cholinergic input to the cortex contributes to the memory deficits observed in Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia. Yet the mechanisms by which ACh modulates the activity of cortical neurons are not fully understood. We have found that transient activation of muscarinic-type ACh receptors produces a powerful inhibitory response in cortical neurons that provide the bulk of extra-cortical afferent projections, including layer 5 neurons in the neocortex, and CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. Cortical neurons primarily participating in intracortical signaling, including layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and CA3 neurons in the hippocampus, were not inhibited by ACh. These data, which contrast with the traditional view of ACh being a purely excitatory transmitter, suggest that transient ACh release in the cortex will suppress cortical output while facilitating intracortical processing.